GLAUCOMA AWARENESS MONTH
Glaucoma is a disease that damages the optic nerve, which connects the eyes to the brain.
Glaucoma was first identified and mentioned in writings dating as far back as 400 BC by the Greeks, but was known only as “a blinding disease, occurring mostly in the elderly.” It is also the second leading cause of blindness in the world.
It wasn’t until 1622 that British surgeon Richard Bannister proved that glaucoma is caused by too much pressure in the eye. Though glaucoma mainly impacts adults, it does occur in children as well. Although, it is relatively rare. As with adults, pediatric glaucoma is caused by too much pressure in the eye.
Causes and risk factors for childhood glaucoma include (but are not limited to):
- Genetic predisposition (as in the presence of congenital glaucoma)
- Pediatric cataract surgery
- Eye defects such as Axenfeld-Rieger or aniridia
- Ocular inflammation or trauma.
The prompt diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma can prevent needless vision impairment, however, so many are unaware they have the disease or may not have access to much-needed care because treatments helps to slow down vision loss and save the sight.
There are several different types of glaucoma.
- Open-angle glaucoma: This is the most common, this tends to develop slowly over many years. It is caused by the drainage channels in the eye becoming gradually clogged over time.
- Acute angle closure glaucoma – an uncommon type caused by the drainage in the eye becoming suddenly blocked, which can raise the pressure inside the eye very quickly.
- Secondary glaucoma – caused by an underlying eye condition, such as inflammation of the eye (uveitis)
- Childhood glaucoma (congenital glaucoma) – a rare type that occurs in very young children, caused by an abnormality of the eye.
Role of OT:
Glaucoma can result in a functional visual impairment and impact daily function. Occupational therapists can help to modify the client’s environment (home, work, etc.) to allow the client to continue to participate in desired occupations.
The goal of occupational therapy is to help patients lead as normal a life as possible with the ability to enjoy social and recreational activities and accomplish routine tasks successfully and safely.
Home Tips for Patients with Low Vision Due to Glaucoma
Modifications that can help individuals with low vision function more easily. Integrating these tips into daily routine can help promote a healthy, safe, and fulfilling lifestyle:
- Move any clutter, furniture, or appliances that may be a tripping hazard.
- Install and maintain good lighting to ensure all rooms are well-lit. Use direct lighting to reduce glare.
- Separate clothes by color in the closet and hamper for matching purposes and easier sorting
- Request large print books and magazines when possible. Enlarge recipes and small print items on a photocopier or before printing.
- Use contrasting colors whenever possible, such as placing dark food on a white plate or cutting light foods on a dark cutting board.
- Install non-skid rugs and grab bars to decrease the risk of accidental falls.
- Stay organized by designating places for personal and household belongings. Label tray dividers to hold smaller objects. Visibly mark repeatedly used settings on appliances and devices such as the washing machine, dryer, stove, microwave, and iron with nail polish or fabric paint.
Prevention of Glaucoma:
- Get regular eye examinations. Regular comprehensive eye exams can help detect glaucoma in its early stages before significant damage occurs. Generally, the American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends a comprehensive eye exam every 5 to 10 years if you’re under 40 years old; every 2 to 4 years if you’re 40 to 54 years old; every 1 to 3 years if you’re 55 to 64 years old; and every 1 to 2 years if you’re older than 65. If you’re at risk of glaucoma, you’ll need more frequent screening.
- Know your family’s eye health history. Glaucoma tends to run in families. If you’re at increased risk, you may need more frequent screening.
- Wear eye protection. Serious eye injuries can lead to glaucoma. Wear eye protection when using power tools or playing sports.
- Take prescribed eye drops regularly. Glaucoma eye drops can significantly reduce the risk that high eye pressure will progress to glaucoma. Use eye drops as prescribed by your health care provider even if you have no symptoms.
Enability is a center focused on enabling everyone to live independently irrespective of any limitation or disability. We believe that even with glaucoma, one can live independently to their full potential. We would like to partner with you at info@enabilityot.com by assisting you in preparation for independence at home, school, and workplace.